Respiratory Protective Effect of Salvia plebeia R. Br. Extracts against Ambient Particulate Matter-induced Airway Inflammation
2017
Song, H., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea | Ji, K.Y., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea | Kim, B.K., Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Yang, W.K., Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Han, C.K., KT and G Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Shin, H.J., KGC Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Park, Y.C., Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Hwang, J.S., KOC Biotech, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Kang, H.S., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea | Kim, S.H., Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Background: Small particles increase airway inflammation upon reaching the alveoli. Here, we investigated the protective or therapeutic effects of Salvia plebeia R. Br. (SP_R) extracts on airway inflammation. Methods and Results: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of SP_R extracts, we measured their inhibitory effect on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression of inflammatory mediators, and immune cell infiltration in MH-S alveolar macrophage cells and in the ambient particulate matter (APM)-exposed airway inflammation mice model. The SP_R extracts inhibited the production of ROS and expression of IL-4, IL-10, IL-15, and IL-17A mRNA in APM-stimulated MH-S cells. Oral administration of SP_R extracts suppressed APM-induced inflammatory symptoms, such as high alveolar wall thickness, excess collagen fibers, decreased mRNA expression of chemokines (Ccr9, Ccl5, Ccr3), inflammatory cytokines (IL-15, TNF-alpha), and IL-4 Th2 cytokine in the lung. The SP_R extracts also inhibited ROS production, granulocyte (CD11b+ Gr-1+ ) infiltration, IL-17A, TNF-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein (Mip-2), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (Cxcl-1) production in the airway. The specific compounds in the SR-R extracts that mediate the anti-inflammatory effects were identified. Conclusions: In this study, SP_R extracts effectively inhibited airway inflammatory responses, such as ROS production and granulocyte infiltration into the airway, by regulating the expression of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines.
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