Detoxification and chemosensation gene responses to repellant and non-repellant termiticide in Philippine milk termite, Coptotermes sp. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
2016
Mañalac, T.C.M | De Claro, A.J.H. | Abesamis, K.I.A. | Adorada, J.R | Sapin, G.D. | Caolli, B.L. | Bautista, Ma.A.M.
Termites are social insects capable of extensive structural damage that requires billions of dollars for control. The most common method of termite control is the use of insecticides which can be repellant or non repellant. The overuse of insecticides, however, poses risks as it may lead to resistance development. Therefore, for resistance management, it is important to understand the molecular basis implicated in resistance development such as chemosensation are the odorant-binding proteins (OBP's) and chemosensory proteins (CSP's) which are believed to mediate termite behavioral response to insecticide. For detoxification, it is primarily mediated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450). This study aims to determine the effect of repellant insecticide exposure on the expression of identified chemosensation genes in Coptetermes sp. and the effect of non-repellant insecticide exposure on the expression of CYP450 detoxification genes to explore the underlying mechanisms of resistance development. To achieve this, an insecticide bioassay on termiticide-exposed and -unexposed worker termites followed by quantitative real-time PCR, was performed. From the results of the gene expression analysis, up- and down-regulations were observed in the target genes which indicate that these insecticides indeed effect the expression of these genes and, consequently, the chemosensation and detoxificaton responses of termites. However, since the up- and down-regulations of genes observed are not significantly different between the termiticide-exposed and unexposed worker termites, the study suggests that the termites have a faint chance for developing CYP450-based and behavioral resistance to the insecticides.
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