Diagnostic approach of anemia in the dog and cat
2013
Polizopoulou, Zoe S. (University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (Greece). Faculty of Veterinary medicine) | Athanasiou, Labrini V. (University of Thessaly, Thessaly (Greece). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine)
Clinical presentation of anemic animals includes generalized weakness, inappetence, tachypnea, tachycardia, mucosal pallor and, depending on the etiology, jaundice, hemoglobinuria, splenomegaly or fever. Anemia may be classified according to the presence or absence of a regenerative bone marrow response (regenerative/non-regenerative anemia), the erythrocyte volume and hemoglobin concentration (normo-, micro-, macrocytic and/or normo-, hypochromic), the morphology of erythrocytes in peripheral blood smears (presence of blood parasites, spherocytes, schistocytes, eccentrocytes, hypochromasia, polychromasia, autoagglutiantion) or the underlying etiology. The diagnostic approach of each anemia case requires an integration of information obtained by history, clinical examination and basic clinicopathological evaluation, in particular complete blood count (including reticulocyte count and blood smear examination), serum biochemistry and urinalysis. Additional advanced diagnostic testing for specific medical disorders (endocrinopathies, infectious, immune mediated or neoplastic diseases), as well as therapeutic regimens, will be dictated by the findings of this initial workup.
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