Evaluation of suitability of hazelnut shell energy for production of biofuels
2018
Hebda, T., University of Agriculture in Krakow (Poland) | Brzychczyk, B., University of Agriculture in Krakow (Poland) | Francik, S., University of Agriculture in Krakow (Poland) | Pedryc, N., University of Agriculture in Krakow (Poland)
One of the many advantages in favour of the energy use of biomass is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, e.g. carbon dioxide and toxic exhaust components. Depending on the physicochemical and thermal properties, and especially on the calorific value, biomass can be used in heating and electricity. Biomass can be any organic material containing carbon, but without significant physico-chemical changes, which would lead to the formation of specific properties of crude oil or hard coal. The aim of this work was to determine selected properties of hazelnut shells in terms of their suitability for biofuel production. The hazelnut shells of the following varieties were analysed: Casina, Catalan, Webba Cenny, Berger, Trapezian and Barcelonski. The examined hazelnuts were characterized by slight physicochemical differentiation. The criteria for biomass energy assessment were: calorific value, moisture content, heat of combustion, flash point, volatile content and bulk density. Measurements of selected parameters were made using standardized measuring devices. Among the tested varieties of hazelnut shells, the highest caloric value was characterized by the Casina variety (18.42 MJ. kgE-1), and the smallest for the Trapezian variety (17.21 MJ. kgE-1). The highest content of ash was observed for the Catalan variety (1.4 %) and the lowest for Casina (0.89 %). The highest content of volatile parts was noted for Trapezuński (72.3 %) and the smallest for Berger variety (71.73 %). The highest temperature of ignition was distinguished for the variety Webba Cenny (425.07 ºC), and the lowest for the variety Trapezian (368.4 ºC). The moisture content of the tested walnut shells ranged from 5.8 to 6.8 %. The conducted research and the analysis of selected physicochemical properties show that hazelnut shells are suitable for the production of biofuels.
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