Risk Assessment of Carbophenothion, an Organophosphorus Pesticide, Using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Daphnia magna, and Danio rerio Embryo
2018
Gu, H.Y., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea | Kim, S.J., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
In 2008, Carbophenothion had the 10th detection frequency in Korea; it is therefore necessary to evaluate the comprehensive risk factors. However, previous studies on the risk of Carbophenothion are limited to the assessment of a single species based on diverse evaluation methods from various research institutes. Therefore, in this study, acute toxicity tests were performed on three types of organisms representing the aquatic ecosystem according to the test guidelines of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to assess the overall risk of Carbophenothion. The organisms to be evaluated were selected among the test species recommended by the International Standard Test Methods, and the culture and test conditions were kept constant. In each test, the no observed effect concentration (NOEC), lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC), and 50% lethal/effect concentration (L/EC50) were calculated by the Probit Method and the Trimmed Spearman Karber Method. The growth inhibition of microalgae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was observed by the microscopic counting method and optical measured method; the 72 hr-EC50 was 0.29 mg/L and 0.21 mg/L, respec-tively. Observation of immobilized daphnia (Daphnia magna) revealed that the 48hr-EC50 was 2.1 x 10-10 mg/L. The 96 hrLC50 of fish (Danio rerio embryo) was 42.8 mg/L, and the morphological abnormalities such as pigmentation (P), bent spine (BS), and bloody pericardial edema (BPE) were observed. Finally, the hazard quotient (HQ) was found to be 1.3, however, the considerable difference between the EC50 and LC50 of D. magna should be considered.
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