The Inhibition of Melanogenesis Via the PKA and ERK Signaling Pathways by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Extract in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Artificial Human Skin Equivalents
2018
Lee, A., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Kim, J.Y., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Heo, J., Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Cho, D.H., Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Kim, H.S., Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | An, I.S., Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Gene Cell Pharm Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea | An, S., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Bae, S., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Abnormal melanin synthesis results in several hyperpigmentary disorders such as freckles, melanoderma, age spots, and other related conditions. In this study, we investigated the antimelanogenic effects of an extract from the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CE) and potential mechanisms responsible for its inhibitory effect in B16F10, normal human epidermal melanocyte cells, and human skin-equivalent models. The CE extract showed significant dosedependent inhibitory effects on α-melanocyte-stimulating, hormone-induced melanin synthesis in cells. Additionally, the CE extract exhibited suppressive effects on the mRNA and protein expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, tyrosinaserelated protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2. The CE extract also inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase A and extracellular signal-related kinase, which function as upstream regulators of melanogenesis. Using a three-dimensional, reconstructed pigmented epidermis model, the CE-mediated, anti-pigmentation effects were confirmed by FontanaMasson staining and melanin content assays. Taken together, CE extract can be used as an anti-pigmentation agent.
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