Influence of sunflower residue incorporation on growth and yield of wheat and subsequent rice crop
2017
Bashir, U. | Javaid, A. | Bajwa, R.
Some farmers in Pakistan incorporate sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) residue in the soil to enhance fertility and organic matter without considering its allelopathic activities on subsequent crops. Field experiments were carried out the on effects of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) residue incorporation on growth and yield of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties and two varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). as subsequent crop. There were four treatments, viz. i) control (without residue and fertilizers), ii) residue incorporation (RI), iii) NPK fertilizers, and iv) NPK + RI. After the wheat harvest, the rice crop was cultivated in the same plots with no additional application of sunflower residue and NPK fertilizers. Plant height, number of tillers, shoot dry biomass, spike dry biomass and grain yield were significantly reduced by residue incorporation in wheat varieties in both treatments with and without NPK fertilizers. There was a significant reduction of 27% and 20% in grain yield of wheat due to sunflower residue application with and without application of NPK fertilizers compared with NPK and control treatments, respectively. Sunflower residue incorporation suppressed the number of tillers in rice treatment with and without NPK fertilizers. However, the adverse effect of sunflower residue on plant height, panicle dry weight and grain yield was significant in the absence of NPK fertilizers. In terms of grain yield, Pak Basmati was more tolerant to sunflower allelopathy than Super Basmati. Sunflower residues produces adverse effects on wheat in the first season, which were carried over to the subsequent rice crop.
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