EVALUATION OF PEAS AS A PREDECESSOR FOR SPRING WHEAT
2019
Postnikov, P.A.
To solve the problem of vegetable protein in agricultural production, the cultivation of leguminous crops, in particular peas, remains a promising technique. In the Ural research Institute of agriculture in 2012-2018 on dark gray forest soil the impact of fertilizer systems and predecessors on the yield of spring wheat was studied. The studies were carried out in five-field crop rotations on three nutrition backgrounds: control (without fertilizers), mineral and organo- mineral. Of all the years of observations, dry conditions were observed in 2012, 2016, excessively wet-in 2014-2015., in other years-moderately moist conditions. The accumulation of productive moisture in the spring was least on the natural background of fertility under the clover. On average, for 7 years of research, the amount of available moisture was lower by 3,3-3,7 mm than under green manure steam and grain peas. The systematic use of mineral and organic fertilizers by increasing the supply of fresh plant residues in the form of green manure and straw contributed to an increase in productive moisture reserves by 4,6-7,2 mm more than without fertilizers. The fertilized variants showed a significant increase in nitrate nitrogen reserves during sowing in the arable layer relative to the control, the difference ranged from 7,3 to 11,7 mg/kg of soil. A similar trend was revealed during the vegetation of plants. The decrease in the yield of spring wheat in the control, depending on the predecessors, occurs in the following order: clover-sideral steam-peas. On the background of fertilizer – green manure – clove – peas. The use of fertilizers increased the grain harvest of spring crops after peas and green fertilizer by 0,86-1,03 t, and after clover – by only 0,65-0,66 t/ha in relation to the control option
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