In vitro culture, antioxidant activity and determination of some secondery metabolites in Alkanna sieheana and A. Orientalis var. orientalis

This study was investigated viability and germination abilities of A. orientalis var.orientalis and A. sieheana Rech. fil. seeds. Plant explants obtained from naturalenvironment were reseached surface sterilizations. Leaf, stem, leaf base, root parts wereinvestigated callus induction, shoot and root regeneration in vitro. With application oftetrazolium test, survival rate of the seeds was found above 95%. However, the highestgermination rate was calculated as 8.3%. But maximum 91.6% shoot growth, 75%callus formation and 40% root formation were obtained from seeds removed seed coatscultured in different growth regulators in vitro conditions. It was observed that stem andleaf base explants were had higher callus (> 86.6%) and shoot (66.6%-0%) regenerationabilities on different auxin and cytokine growth regulators and combinations than leafand root explants. It was investigated 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity ofdifferent concentrations of samples obtained from in vitro and natural environment. Thehighest inhibition rate (45%) at the concentration of 250 μg / ml was observed rootextracts of A. orientalis. The highest total flavonoid content (139.89 mg of quercetinequivalent (QE) / g of extract) was obtained from callus extracts of leaf base explants ofthe A. sieheana in nutrient medium containing 0.25 mg / l benzyl amino purine (BAP),0.5 mg / l kinetin (KIN) and 1.0 mg / l indole butyric acid (IBA). The highest totalphenolic content was also determined 172.80 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) / gextract from root extracts of A. orientalis. Moreover, amount of alkannin obtained fromroots of A. sieheana was identified 23 times greater than amount of alkannin obtainedfrom roots of A. orientalis.