Red ginseng extract regulates differentiation of monocytes to macrophage and inflammatory signalings in human monocytes
2019
Kang, B.B., Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Kim, C.Y., Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Hwang, J.S., Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Sun, S.J., Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Yang, H.W., Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Suh, H.J., Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Choi, H.S., Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of red ginseng extract (RGE) on monocyte to macrophage differentiation and inflammatory signalings in THP-1 human monocytes. In HPLC analysis, RGE contained saponin level of 516 ㎍/mg (extract) with 14 ginsenosides. RGE effectively suppressed the monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetated (PMA) by inhibiting the THP-1 cell adhesion. This result is evidenced by the down-regulation of cluster of differentiation molecule β (CD11β) and CD36. RGE significantly reduced translocation of nuclear factor kappalight-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-jB) (78%), while cytosolic NF-jB was increased (53%), compared with LPS group. In addition, RGE significantly increased the protein abundance of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and its target protein, hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), but, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), a negative regulator of Nrf2, was greatly decreased by RGE. Furthermore, RGE effectively mediated the regulation of Nrf2 level in nucleus and cytoplasm of THP-1.
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