Human development index in Georgia and challenges of sustainable development
2020
Tsiklashvili, N., Batumi Shota Rustaveli State Univ. (Georgia) | Turmanidze, T., Batumi Shota Rustaveli State Univ. (Georgia) | Beridze, T., Batumi Shota Rustaveli State Univ. (Georgia)
The Human Development Index is an indicator comprising three components – life expectancy, education and per capita income. In general, the human development index tends to grow worldwide. However, it does not always perfectly reflect reality. The aim of the research is to study the dynamics of the Human Development Index (HDI) in Georgia and a critical analysis of its components in relation to sustainable development challenges. HDI index in Georgia is growing dynamically. But a number of problems have emerged during the research, both with regard to the components of HDI and with the reality in Georgia. We have the country's favourable position in terms of ratings – in a group of high-growth countries, though the nominal indices of HDI components do not reflect actual content. Data on education and life expectancy in Georgia are good, but in reality, access to education is less problematic than the quality of education. The component variables do not measure the quality of the system. However, exactly HDI is the one of the determinatives of three main directions of sustainable development challenges: economic development, social inclusion and environmental sustainability. Although HDI is an important tool, it has drawbacks both in defining and calculating the components of variables and in the quality of the database. The index complexly determines human development, but uses very little data to calculate the significance of each component. It is advisable to improve the methodology of human development index calculation and to load it with more contextual analysis.
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