Structural models of agroecosystems and calculation of their energy autonomy
2019
Golub, G., National Univ. of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev (Ukraine) | Kukharets, S., Zhytomyr National Agroecological Univ. (Ukraine) | Yarosh, Ya., Zhytomyr National Agroecological Univ. (Ukraine) | Zavadska, O., National Univ. of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev (Ukraine)
The results of the research in structural models with complete energy autonomy of agroecosystems (electricity and heat energy of own production) are presented. The aim of the work is to show the opportunities of complete energy autonomy of agroecosystems by producing and using their own electrical and thermal energy with observance of humus balance. Structural models of functioning of agroecosystems with organic and intensive production are presented. The models include growing of winter wheat, corn for silage, grain, winter rape, barley, sugar beet, and perennial grasses, sugar and honey production, mushroom and fish cultivation, and compost production. The model with organic production additionally provides for the production of pork, beef, chicken, milk, eggs, and oil. In addition, the proposed models provide for the production of diesel biofuels and bioethanol in the amount necessary to ensure the operation of mobile equipment, as well as biogas and generator gas for heat and electricity. The criterion of ecological stability of the proposed models of agroecosystems is the observance of humus balance. The analysis of the presented models allows asserting that complete energy autonomy of agroecosystems with a positive humus balance in the soil is possible. In agroecosystems with organic production the most heat energy – up to 50 % can be obtained by using straw pellets. Biogas can provide up to 20 % of the needs thermal energy, diesel biofuels – up to 16 %. 14 % of heat energy can be obtained from burning straw rolls. The production of electricity from wood gas produced from straw pellets provides 54 % of all electricity needs. Due to the use of biogas, up to 29 % of electric energy is provided, and through the use of diesel biofuels – up to 17 %. All the needs for heat energy for agroecosystems with intensive production can be provided by 80 % through the use of biogas and by 20 % – due to straw briquettes and pellets. All electricity costs for agroecosystems with intensive production can be provided through the use of biogas. The electric energy obtained through the use of wood gas resulting from gasification of straw pellets or briquettes can be sold at a green rate.
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