Formarea suprafeței foliare la soiurile noi de măr în condițiile Republicii Moldova
2020
Bîlici, I. (State Agrarian University of Moldova, Chisinau (Republic of Moldova)
The research has been aimed to study the photosynthetic apparatus of five apple varieties recently introduced to culture in the Republic of Moldova: Gala Buckeye Simmons, Granny Smith, Red Velox, Golden Delicious Reinders and Fuji Kiku. The experiments were installed in the central area of the Republic of Moldova, in 4 random repetitions of 8 trees each one. The inter-row spacing was 3,2 m and the intra-row spacing – 0,8 m or 3900 trees/ha. The leaf area was examined separately on shoots, spurs and bourse shoots during vegetation, growth and growth-and-fruiting stages. The dynamics of leaf area formation in trees over time and during the vegetation period is correlated with the total length of shoots and the number of rosettes of leaves on the tree. During the growth stage of the trees, most of the leaf area (68,9-76,1%) is formed on shoots and only 23,9-31,1% - on spurs and bourse shoots. During the growth-and-fruiting stage of the trees, the leaf area registered identical values on the shoots and on the fruiting branches. The Granny Smith and Golden Delicious Reinders varieties registered a larger leaf area (8,85-8,34 m2/tree), compared to the Gala Buckey Simmons and Red Velox varieties. The values of leaf area of Golden Delicious Reinders (34827 m2/ha) and Fuji Kiku (35997 m2/ha) were distinctly significant (56,1-61,4%) in comparison with the Red Velox variety (22308 m2/ha). All the studied varieties, at the age of 4-5, made up a photosynthetic apparatus (25272-29913 m2/ha) at the optimal level for intensive orchards. The leaf area per tree varies depending on the variety, age and productivity of the trees.
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