Nutritional properties of Philippine farmer-bred maize varieties
2018
Purification, M.V. | Pentecostes, K.Z. | Beltran, A.K.M. | Sanchez, M.A.B | Laude, T.P.
Seed samples from 46 Philippine farmer-bred maize varieties collected from Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, Philippines, with different kernel color, were evaluated for nutritional composition. At alpha=0.05, the 46 farmer-bred maize varieties showed variability in their nutritional composition except for ash content. The crude protein content of the varieties ranged 6.12%-17.87% while the lysine and tryptophan contents ranged 0.10%-0.50% and 0.023%-0.095%, respectively. The crude fat, crude fiber and total carbohydrates content ranged 3.66%-7.29%, 0.93%-5.18% and 69.07%-83.84%, respectively. The average ash content of the maize varieties was 1.60% varying 1.23%-3.13%. The starch content ranged 48.68%-87.85% while the amylose and amylopectin contents ranged 5.94%-28.64% and 26.26%-71.73%, respectively. Mineral contents of the maize varieties were also determined. Potassium content ranged 160.23 mg/100 g-387.82 mg/100 g while magnesium ranged 96.81 mg/100 g-204.13 mg/100 g. The calcium content of the maize varieties ranged 14.08 mg/100 g-130.10 mg/100 g while iron and zinc content ranged from 1.38 mg/100 g-8.28 mg/100 g and 0.85 mg/100 g-4.99 mg/100 g, respectively. The maize varieties also showed good variability in terms of their antioxidant potential. Phytochemicals such as total phenols content (TCC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and total carotenoids content (TCC), and percent scavenging activity were determined. The scavenging activity ranged 14.69%-84.53% while TPC, TFC and TCC ranged 3.18%-7.5%, 2.54 mg/CE 100 g-7.11 mg/CE 100 g-7.11 mg CE/100g and 0.20 mg/100 g-2.19 mg/100 g, respectively. The variability observed revealed that the germplasm used are very promising toward genetic improvement of grain quality traits. Moreover, this study presents baseline information on the nutritional composition of selected Philippine maize farmer-bred varieties for maize varietal improvement.
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