Modeling the Main Fungal Diseases of Winter Wheat: Constraints and Possible Solutions
2018
El Jarroudi, Moussa | Kouadio, Amani Louis | Tychon, Bernard | El Jarroudi, Mustapha | Junk, Jürgen | Bock, Clive | Delfosse, Philippe
The first step in the formulation of disease management strategy for any cropping system isto identify the most important risk factors. This is facilitated by basic epidemiological studiesof pathogen life cycles, and an understanding of the way in which weather and croppingfactors affect the quantity of initial inoculum and the rate at which the epidemic develops.Weather conditions are important factors in the development of fungal diseases in winterwheat, and constitute the main inputs of the decision support systems used to forecast diseaseand thus determine the timing for efficacious fungicide application. Crop protectionoften relies on preventive fungicide applications. Considering the slim cost−revenue ratiofor winter wheat and the negative environmental impacts of fungicide overuse, necessity forapplying only sprays that are critical for disease control becomes paramount for a sustainableand environmentally friendly crop production. Thus, fungicides should only be applied atcritical stages for disease development, and only after the pathogen has been correctly identified.This chapter provides an overview of different weather-based disease models developedfor assessing the real-time risk of epidemic development of the major fungal diseases(Septoria leaf blotch, leaf rusts and Fusarium head blight) of winter wheat in Luxembourg.
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