Diet Quality and Micronutrient Intake among Long-Term Weight Loss Maintainers
Rebecca W. Pascual | Suzanne Phelan | Michael R. La Frano | Kari D. Pilolla | Zoe Griffiths | Gary D. Foster
Inadequate vitamin and mineral intake is documented among individuals with obesity, but is unknown among long-term weight loss maintainers (WLM). This study examined dietary quality and micronutrient adequacy among WLMs in a commercial weight management program. Participants were 1207 WLM in Weight Watchers (WW) who had maintained a 9.1 kg or greater weight loss (29.7 kg on average) for 3.4 years and had a body mass index (BMI) of 28.3 kg/m2. A control group of weight stable adults with obesity (controls: N = 102) had a BMI of 41.1 kg/m2. Measures included the Diet History Questionnaire-II, Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI), and Dietary References Intakes. WLM versus controls had a 10.1 point higher HEI score (70.2 (69.7&ndash:70.7) vs. 60.1 (58.4&ndash:61.8): p = 0.0001) and greater odds of meeting recommendations for copper (OR = 5.8 (2.6&ndash:13.1)), magnesium (OR = 2.9 (1.8&ndash:4.7)), potassium (OR = 4.7 (1.4&ndash:16.5)), vitamin A (OR = 2.8 (1.7&ndash:4.8)), vitamin B6 (OR = 2.9 (1.6&ndash:5.2)), and vitamin C (OR = 5.0 (2.8&ndash:8.8)). WLM, compared to controls, also reported higher percentages of calories from carbohydrates (50.3% (49.7&ndash:50.8) vs. 46.7% (44.8&ndash:48.7): p = 0.0001) and protein (18.2% (18.0&ndash:18.5) vs. 15.9% (15.1&ndash:16.6): p = 0.0001) and lower calories from fat (32.3% (31.9&ndash:32.8) vs. 37.4% (35.8&ndash:38.9): p = 0.0001). Long-term weight loss maintenance in a widely used commercial program was associated with a healthier diet pattern, including consuming foods with higher micronutrient density.
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