Evaluation of E. oleifera, interspecific hybrids and backcrosses
2006
Mohd Din A. | Rajanaidu N.
The performance of Elaeis oleifera from Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia, Honduras, Brazil and Suriname was evaluated at MPOB Research Station, Kluang, Johor, Malaysia. Fresh fruit bunch yield, bunch components, vegetative traits, fatty acid components, iodine value and total carotene were analysed. There were significant differences between the six countries for bunch yield, oil to bunch, height, total economic product and iodine value. Generally, oleiferas from Suriname recorded the lowest values for the above traits, exceptfor oil to bunch. The yield, bunch components and vegetative traits performance ofElaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis var. pisifera hybrids (OxP), created using the North Carolina mating deSign I (NCM I) were evaluated atfour locations in Peninsular Malaysia viz. Kluang, Ulu Paka, Teluk Intan and Carey Island. There were significant differences between pisiferas (paternal parent) for fresh fruit bunch, bunch number and average bunch weight at Kluang, Ulu Paka and Teluk Intan, but not at Carey Island. Despite the lower annual rainfall at Teluk Intan and Carey Island(Coastal soils) than Kluang and Ulu Paka (inland soil), the fresh fruit bunch of progenies in the former soil environments were generally higher. The heritability estimates of the three yield components showed great variation based on type of breeding material and the environment where the materials were tested. Generally, yield of the hybrid was comparable to E. guineensis with the oil to bunch, height, total economic product and iodine value being intermediate between the parents. First generation backcrosses (BC I) using OxP as maternal parent and pisifera as paternal parent showed segregation for traits ofinterest. Oil to bunch, iodine value and carotene content ofsome individuals showed improvement and this suggests that transfer of genes for traits of interest has taken place from one species to the other.
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