Variation for fatty acid composition (FAC) and carotene content in the genius Elaeis
2006
Isa M. | Khushairi A. | Jalani B. S. | Rajanaidu N. | Mohd Din A.
The genus Elaeis consists of two species, Elaeis guinensis and Elaeis oleifera, distributed in Africa and South America respectively. The E. guineensis and E. oleifera populations sampled in Africa and South America were screened for fatty acid composition. The iodine value (I.v.) of crude palm oil of E. guineensis is around 52 and that of E. oleifera, 80-90. The high I.v. in E. oleifera is due to the higher level of C18:1 and C18:2. The E. guineensis population sampled in Madagascar had a distinctly different fatty acid composition (FAC) from that of E. guineensis population from other countries. Similarly, the E. oleifera from Suriname had a unique FAC compared with E. oleifera populations from Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia.Interspecific hybrid and backcrosses have been made between the two species and individual palms with high I.v. (>60), yield and oil content have been identified for cloning. The GISH (genomic in situ hybridization) technology is being used to accelerate the breeding for high I.v. in oil palm.The Nigeria, Madagascar, Angola, Tanzania and South America (E. oleifera) collections have also been screened for carotene content. The carotene of Angola population was lower than other E. guineensis collections. The Brazilian oleifera had the highest level of carotene.
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