Species assembly and site preference of tree species in a primary seraya-ridge forest of Peninsular Malaysia
2002
S. Appanah | Kaoru Niiyama | S. lida | Abd. Rahman Kassim | Azizi Ripin
The paper describes the use of main species as the criteria toclassify forest sites using multivariate methods. The main objective is to clarify indicatorspecies and its site preferences in a typical primary seraya-ridge forest. The sample isbased on 150 subplots (20 x 20 m), from a six-hectare plot (200 x 300 m). Groups ofsites were differentiated using hierarchical clustering analysis and ranked usingordination methods. Indicator species analysis determined the characteristic speciesof particular site group. Eight site groups were identified. The ordination results showeda strong correlation with elevation gradient. Most of the characteristic species showedstrong association with elevation gradient and topographic positions, while generalistspecies showed weak correlation. The indicator values of 39 characteristic species ateach step of hierarchical structure were computed and tested with the mean indicatorvalue obtained from a Monte Carlo randomisation procedure at p = 0.01. Thecharacteristic species which had broad niche breadths in the higher elevation includedShorea curtisii, Lithocarpus wallichianus and Eurycoma longifolia while in the lowerelevation, the characteristics species included Pimelodendron griffithianum, Antidesmacuspidatum and Artocarpus lanceifolius. Several species such as Drypetes polyneura and Gironniera parvifolia had been identified as requiring narrower site preferences. Thediagram of hierarchical cluster and associated indicator species provides a simpleand intuitive way to describe species assemblages, while the ordination helps inexplaining their site preferences.
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