Induction of an embryogenic callus from immature flower buds of Theobroma cacao L.
2000
Asfaliza Ramli | Radzali Muse | Marziah Mahmood | Misri Kusnan
Theobroma cacao,L.(cocoa) tress are agriculturally well planted in the several states of Malaysia but they still have some breeding and disease problems which affected the yield and quality of cocoa seeds. Studies of somatic embryogenesis on cocoa have been started as early of 1977 by a scientist, Esan. However in this study, we directly used a modified medium of Li et al.,( 1998) for inducing of cocoa somatic embryogenesis. Staminodes from immature flower buds were used as the explants and were aseptically cultured on Primary Callus Growth (PCG) medium which consisted of Driver and Kuniyuki (1984) basic medium supplemented with 9 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid(2,4-D) and various concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ). The concentration of TDZ used in the PCG medium was significantly affected the response of the staminoides to the medium in term of their fresh weight and callus formation. TDZ concentration of 20 nM or 30 nM was found to be the most suitable concentration in order to induce the embryogenic callus formation. After 2 weeks on PCG medium, the explant was then aseptically transferred into the Secondary Callus Growth (SCG) medium. A compact globular callus emerged particularly at the cutting site of the explants at the end of the cultured period (14days) on the SCG medium.
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