Genetički resursi ječma (Hordeum sativum Jess.) u Crnoj Gori / Genetic resources of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Montenegro
2017
Jovović, Zoran | Šilj, Milana | Velimirović, Ana | Pržulj, Novo | Mandić, Dragan
Barley, along with wheat, is the oldest cultivated plant. As a polymorphic culture, barley has the largest distribution areal among all the grains. On Balkans, cultural forms of barley came at the same time as wheat, thus were grown even before the arrival of the Slavs. Local populations of spring two-row barley were grown in many mountain areas of Montenegro, while the multi-row barley was grown in southern regions as winter crop. However, in last thirty years, introduction of high technologies and high yielding selections led rapid disappearing of local populations of barley from the production. Local populations of spring two-row barleys are grown today on very small and remote rural areas, while the six-rowed forms completely disappeared from farmers' fields. The first organized research done on diversity of barley was carried out in 2009 and 2010, when 10 local populations were collected in number of municipalities. All collected varieties are spring varieties, nine belong to the two-row group, and one to the group of six row barleys. The results of the study of some domestic barley populations showed that with improved agrotechnology significantly higher yields can be achieved compared to those obtained growing barley in traditional crop production system. Growing impact of climate change will require breeding of improved, more productive and more resistant varieties for specific regions of production. Since these materials have broad adaptive capacity, it is expected considerable use of these materials in future breeding programs. Therefore, the study of domestic barley varieties should continue in the future, in order to put at disposal as many information on the genetic, phenotypic and usability traits to potential users.
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