Antifungal activity of aqueous and corn steep liquor extract of Ficus exasperata, Anonna muricata and Azadiractha indica
2020
Akinkugbe, Temilola | Bankole, Samuel | Ogunbamowo, Paul | Awotedu, Olamilekan
This study investigated the activity of aqueous and corn steep liquor (CSL) extracts of Ficus exaperasta, Annona muricata and Azadirachta indica against Candida spp. isolated from high vaginal swab samples. Phytochemical screening of the plants was done using standard methods, the antifungal activity of the plant's extracts and standard drugs were tested against isolates of Candida spp. using the agar well diffusion method; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were also determined using microdilution standardized techniques. Phytochemical screening of the aqueous and CSL extracts of the plants revealed the presence of tannin, saponin, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Among the five Candida strain isolates, the zone of inhibition produced by the plant extracts against C. albicans shows a range of 0-18.3 mm; C. krusei (strain A): 5.1-24.5 mm; C. krusei (strain B): 0-18.0 mm; C. kefyr (strain A): 6.1-27.5 mm; and C. kefyr (strain B): 0-22.0 mm. The CSL extract had higher inhibitory action compared with aqueous extract, also F. exasperata and A. muricata gave better antifungal activity against the tested Candida strains. The MIC of the aqueous and CSL extracts of the F. exasperata ranged between 6.25-12.50 mg/mL; A. muricata: 3.125-12.500 mg/mL, while the aqueous and CSL extracts of A. indica was found to have no activity at all the tested concentrations against C. albicans, C. krusei (strain A) and C. krusei (strain B), similar observation for the MFC. This study proved the antifungal efficacy of aqueous and CSL extracts of F. exasperata, A. muricata, and A. indica against isolates of Candida species which are usually implicated in candidiasis.
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