DOMESTIC BREEDING OF LEGUMINOUS AND CEREAL CROPS
2020
Zotikov, V.I.
The need to implement the draft breeding program of the FSC ZBK to improve the quality of seeds and the use of varieties of domestic breeding of agricultural crops determine the special role of legumes and cereals in solving global issues of the food program and the industrial economy of the Russian Federation. The results of work on the selection of leguminous and cereal crops, the quantitative results of new varieties of domestic selection of peas, soybeans, buckwheat, millet are presented. The most important task of primary seed production is the accelerated production of seeds of the elite by simplifying the schemes of primary seed production in combination with methods of rapid seed multiplication and modern methods of preserving the type of variety. At present, in the production of original seeds, in parallel with the system of the State Test, it is advisable to carry out seed production of a promising variety, which will allow, immediately after its introduction into the State Register of Breeding Achievements, allowed for use to have such an amount of seeds that would provide 10-20% of the sowing structure areas under this variety in a particular region. The main problems and directions for improving breeding work on the development and introduction of new intensive varieties (variety change and variety renewal), in the lack of specialized equipment for the timely implementation of agrotechnical methods for sowing, management and high-quality harvesting work have been identified.
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