CHANGES IN SOIL FERTILITY AND YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT AND SOYBEANS INDICATORS DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEMS OF BASIC TREATMENT AND THE USE OF NANOSILICON

The article presents data on the action of a preparation consisting of nanoparticles of silicon with a complex of microelements. The aim of the research is to study the effectiveness of the preparation NanoSilicon on the fertility of the leached chernozem of the Krasnodar Territory and the yield of winter wheat and soybeans, depending on the systems of basic tillage. The task of the research included the study of NanoSilicon for agrophysical and agrochemical parameters of the soil, as well as the yield of crops. The research was carried out on leached chernozem of Krasnodar region at FSBSI ―P.P. Lukyanenko National Center for Grain ", based on the agro-technological department. During the experiments, no positive effect of the investigated preparation on organic matter was revealed, but at the same time NanoSilicon significantly influenced the change in such agrophysical properties of the soil as bulk density and agronomically valuable structure. So, with traditional tillage, in the 0-10 cm layer, the soil structure assessment is good, and with the use of NanoSilicon preparation it is excellent. The soil cultivated according to the minimum technology on the control in the 0-40 cm layer is dense, and when NanoSilicon is applied, it is medium dense. On the same tillage system, already at a depth of 20-40 cm, the structure of soils is satisfactory, while with the introduction of the studied preparation it is good. It should be noted the positive effect of NanoSilicon on the porosity and water resistance of soil aggregates, which also changed for the better depending on the studied soil layer and the soil cultivation system. Soil treatment with NanoSilicon preparation at a dose of 100 g / ha also influenced the yield of cultivated crops. On the sowing of winter wheat, the plants showed a thickening of the walls of the stem, which increased their resistance to lodging. On these variants, the yield exceeding the control was obtained from 0.2 to 0.72 t / ha, depending on soil treatments. On soybeans, under adverse weather conditions in 2018, no reliable increase in yield was obtained.