CHANGE OF PLANT ARCHITECTONICS AS A DIRECTION IN BREEDING OF WINTER RYE
2021
Chaikin, V.V. | Torop, A.A. | Torop, E.A.
Change of plant architectonics is considered as the main direction in the selection of winter rye at the Center at the present time. The use of dominant short-stem sources has resulted in an increase in lodging resistance of the developed varieties by 37.0% and an increase in actual yield by 17.2%. In rye varieties of traditional morphotype, the main photosynthetic organ is the stem. In order to preserve the inherent photosynthetic potential of the plants, varieties resistant to leaf diseases were developed in the first phase, followed by development of large-leaf populations and varieties. To impart drought tolerance to the latter, forms with an erectoid leaf orientation were used. As a result of this work, there was a gradual increase in yield and lodging resistance. But there was also a gradual increase of donor-acceptor relations between the vegetative mass of the shoot and the maturing grain. It has been concluded that for the stability of the yield level, the productivity potential of the acceptor (spike) must correspond to the potential capabilities of the shoot - the donor of plastic substances necessary for the formation of a highly productive spike. The number of productive shoots and the productivity of the shoot (spike), the most common determinants of the yield level, are antagonistic traits. Therefore, promising cenoses can be represented by both high (of about 100 cm) plants with large leaves and spikes, and short-stemmed plants with a less productive spike
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