Scaling Up Marine Management : The Role of Marine Protected Areas

agricultural practices allowable catch aquaculture aquatic resources area closures artisanal fishing biodiversity biodiversity conservation biological communities biological diversity biological processes biomass biosphere reserves climate change coastal communities coastal fisheries coastal waters coastal zone management common property comparative analysis coral coral bleaching coral reefs cultural heritage cultural values decision making ecology economic development economics ecosystem management encroachment environmental degradation environmental impact environmental impact assessment environmental management environmental protection farms fish fish stocks fisheries fishers fishery management fishing fishing effort fishing grounds fishing rights food security forests freshwater ecosystems habitat habitats high seas human population land use landscape livelihoods mangroves marine areas marine ecology marine ecosystems marine environment marine fisheries marine pollution marine resources marine resources management mountains national parks natural resources oceans open access participatory approaches pollution population dynamics population pressure property rights recreational fishing resource conservation resource management scientific research ships species species diversity sustainable development sustainable fisheries sustainable use territorial waters tourism upland areas vegetation waste management wetlands wildlife wildlife management