Investigations into Physiological, Biochemical, andHistological Modifications in a Vine Decline Associated withBiotic and Abiotic Factors
2017
Bochra Amina Bahri | Hatem Mabrouk | Samir Chebil | Sadreddine Kallel
Tunisian table grape production has significantly increased since two decades due to vineyards regionalexpansion and yield improvement. But, since several years, decline symptoms on Vitis vinifera havebeen recorded in some areas. A study case of a vineyard in Naassen area (near to Tunis) was chosen toinvestigate the disease origin and the physiological, biochemical, and histological modificationsassociated with vine decline. The investigation revealed characteristic symptoms on leaves, old andyoung shoots similar to decline symptoms of Grapevine Trunk Diseases. Based on culturalcharacteristics, laboratory investigations revealed the presence of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora andPhaeoacremonium spp., Diplodia seriata and Botryosphaeria dothidea, from root and shoot samples,respectively. These fungi are known as the main pathogens responsible for the Esca, Black dead armand Excoriose. Molecular analysis confirmed the identification of Diplodia seriata. Besidemorphological alterations on leaves and shoots, symptomatic vines presented significant reductions of30 and 20% in trunk diameter and bud break rate, respectively, and delayed spring growth compared tohealthy ones. Furthermore, roots and stems from declined vines contained 3 times more starch thanthose from asymptomatic ones. Decline survey revealed a heterogeneous dispersion of symptoms in thevineyard in accordance with water supply. The vines along the edge of vineyards are usually lesswatered and show more decline symptoms. Decline dynamics in time and space scales have to beconsidered in order to develop effective management strategies.
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