Impact of climate change on the increase of saline soils, deterioration of their physicochemical properties and biological activity in East Georgia.
2020
The content of easily soluble salts in the salt-affected solod soil of the Alazani lowland meadow and the biological activity at the Tsnori base have been studied. These soils with excess salts contain a sufficient amount of absorbed sodium and are distinguished by negative physical and water-repellent properties. This area characterized by strongly mineralized, pressurized water standing close to the soil surface and heavy mechanical composition of soil-ground. The content of all easily soluble salts has increased significantly since 1989. The increase in dry balance by layers varies between 11.77-44.94%. The most increased are SO4 -12.43-56.19%, Na - 17.60-49.40%, and Cl - 13.9-43.43%. The least increase is 6.06-13.73% of CO3, 5.17-25.73% of Ca and 8,782-9.97% of HCO3. Deterioration of soil physico-chemical properties has a depressing effect on its biological activity. The most reduced nitrogen-absorbing bacteria were 92.82-94.92%. The next place is occupied by fungi 63,51-80,28%, actinomycetes 75,59-79,25%, saprophytes 71,58-72,86%, spores 59,96-77,22% and phosphorus-degrading bacteria 63,18-66,90 %. The most resistant of the microorganisms were anaerobic nitrogen fixers, the number of which decreased by 36.67-52.19%. As for the fermentative activity of the soil in recent years, the amount of catalase has decreased by 40.74-44.19%, invertase by 31.17-44.97%, and dehydrogenase by 20.66-39.13%. Tab. 2, Ref. 5.
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