Callus induction from mature endosperm and cotyledon tissues of Jatropha curcas
2010
Siow, T. S. | Ting, S. Y. A. | Tee, C. S.
Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) is a perennial, oil-bearing and multipurpose shrub, native to the tropics and sub-tropics of Asia and Africa. To date, the non-edible oil in Jatropha seeds is discovered to be suitable and has good value for biofuel production. However, the genetic variation in seed traits was found to significantly affect the seed germination and oil yields. Therefore, in vitro plant propagation provides an alternative to mass propagate the plants. In this study, we aim to induce callus from mature endosperm and cotyledon explants in order to facilitate propagation studies and oil content analysis. Callus induction study was carried out using the MS basal medium supplemented with a single auxin (NAA, IAA, IBA, 2,4-D, picloram or dicamba) with concentrations of 0 to 8 μM. Results showed that picloram, dicamba and 2,4-D were more suitable auxins for callus induction using the endosperm tissues. Of these, 4 μM picloram gave the highest callus induction percentage (53.33±6.67%), followed by 4 μM dicamba (51.11±5.88%) and 6 μM 2,4-D (40.00±5.77%). As for the cotyledons, μM 2,4-D and dicamba were suitable for callus induction with 31.11 ±1 0.61 % and 28.89±4.84% of callus induction, respectively. The induced calli were further maintained and multiplied on new MS basal supplemented with combination of a single cytokinin (BAP, kinetin, TDZ or zeatin) and suitable callus-inducing auxin as our preliminary observation indicated that induction medium was unsuitable. Further study to induce embryogenic callus is now being investigated for regeneration purpose and oil content analysis.
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