Philippines rice competitiveness: status, prospects and directions
2018
Bordey, F.H. | Beltran, J.C. | Moya, P.F. | Launio, C.C. | Malasa, R.B. | Tanzo, I.R. | Yusongco, C.G. | Paran, S.J.C. | Marciano, E.B. | Valencia, Ma.S.C. | San Valentin, M.R.L. | Dawe, D.C.
As guide to improving Philippine rice competitiveness, this paper examined rice production benchmarks in selected irrigated and intensively cultivated ares in the Philippines, China, Indonesia, India, Thailand, and Vietnam. It profiled yield and production cost across study sites. It comapred the domestic price of rice in the Philippines to parity prices of imported rice from Vietnam, Thailand, and India. Results of the study showed that exporting countries had lower production costs than importing countries. Vietnam had the least cost of PhP 6.53/kg paddy and the highest grain yield of 20.59 t/ha/yr for 3 crops. In the Philippines, costs was PhP 12.41/kg and yield was 9.52 t/ha/yr for 2 crops. Rice produced in Nueva Ecija cannot compete in Manila wholesale markets with imported rice from Vietnam, Thailand or India and 35% tariff. With 35% tariff, domestic farm prices in Nueva Ecija would fall to PhP 11.77/kg without quantitative restrictions. Farmers have to reduce their production cost from PhP12.41/kg to PhP 6.77/kg paddy to maintain current profit margins. Higher yields from use of hybrid varieties and highly quality seeds, improved organic techniques, and reduced labor cost through direct seeding or use of combine harvesters are key ways to i,prove competitiveness and farmer profits. Improved milling efficiency and capacity utilization are also important.
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