Assessment of genetic diversity of Philippine corn (Zea mays L.) germplasm set using nonparametric morphological characteristics
2019
Bon, S.G. | Huelgas, V.C. | Salazar, A.M.
Three-hundred nineteen traditional and farmer's corn populations were characterized for 39 non-parametric traits to genetic diversity of Philippines corn germplasm collection set based on accession of assess. Analyses revealed intermediate to high H' values for most of the traits observed ranging from 0.40 to 0.98 in 31 of 39 traits of stem, leaf, ear, tassel, cob and kernel. Variation was expressed in terms of multiple morphotypes of traits and their relative frequencies. Cluster analysis based on similarity confirmed the high levels of genetic diversity with substantially high dissimilarity coefficient. Clustering was achieved at a low similarity coefficient of 0.39 where 10 groups can be identified and with 10 generally outlier accessions. Majority (70%) of the accessions generally fall within the first two large groups, Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. The closest two pairs of accessions were tied at maximum similarity of 0.82 and 0.85. Clustering was not found associated with the origin or provenances. However, pattern grouping was clear between old collections (collections mostly from 1980's to 2000s) and recent collections (collections from 2015-2016). Most of the recent collections were grouped at higher degree of similarity including the two closest pairs identified while old collections were grouped at lower degree of similarity. While the collection set was found generally diverse, results however showed that recently collected Philippine corn germplasm have reduced variability than the collections acquired about 20 to 30 yr ago. Results showed that the corn germplasm set conserved were still highly diverse despite rapid displacement, varietal homogenization and modernization of the corn agricultural landscape in the country.
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