Vector control strategies against West Nile Virus infection in Serbia
2022
Petrić, Dušan | Petrović, Tamaš | Petrović, Vladimir | Petrić, Mina | Ignjatović-Ćupina, Aleksandra | Kavran, Mihaela | Lazić, Gospava | Samojlović, Milena | Hrnjaković Cvjetković, Ivana | Medić, Snežana | Drakulović, Mitra | Lupulović, Diana
West Nile virus (WNV) is endemic in the Republic of Serbia since 2011. Integrated WNV surveillance, based on the unofficial collaboration among human, animal and environmental health institutions (One Health approach), was implemented, from 2005 until 2018, in the Vojvodina Province, Serbia (VPS). We present the development of this cooperation between the VPS actors and the organization of WNV surveillance in Serbia. Also, we evaluate integrated WNV surveillance system in VPS and discuss the most significant results on WNV circulation in VPS and mosquito control efforts in France, Greece, Italy and Serbia. Strong correlations were observed between the vector index values and the incidence of human West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) cases recorded at the district level. The occurrence of WNV detections in Culexpipiens was significantly correlated to overwintering temperature averages and seasonal relative humidity at the sampling sites. Model projections indicate a twofold increase in the incidence of WNV positive Cx. Pipiens for a rise of 0.5˚C in overwintering October–April temperatures.The inter-institutional and interdisciplinary integration provided highly satisfactory results in terms of area specificity (the capacity to indicate the spatial distribution of the risk for human cases of WNND) and sensitivity to detect virus circulation even at the enzootic level.For the successful implementation of vector control, it is crucial to know how to use already available tools. Using a useful tool in the wrong way could yield unsatisfactory results. Also, it seems that a lot of money is spent on mosquito control without really knowing the consequences, emphasizing the need to include quality assessment in the system.
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