Investigation of mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and antimicrobial activity of black mulberry's (Morus nigra L. ) fruit extract

In this study; mutagenic, antimutagenic and antimicrobial properties of Morus nigra L. ( Karadut ) fruit extracts were investigated. Antimicrobial activity was examined by microdilution method while mutagenic and antimutagenic properties by Salmonella / microsome test system. Standard plate incorporation method was applied in the studies. Experiments were performed in the presence and absence of metabolic activation enzymes (S9) on Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 strains. 10000, 5000, 2500, 1000 and 500 μg / plaque doses were used. The possible mutagenic activity of all extracts could not be determined in the presence and absence of S9 enzymes. In this case, antimutagenic activities of extracts against known mutageneses such as sodium azide, 4-nitrophenylenediamine, 2-aminoanthracene and 2-aminofluoresin were investigated at the same doses. Morus nigra extract was found to have weak antimutagenic activity (6 %, 4 %, 3 %, 0 %, 0 %) in the presence of S9 on Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 strains at doses of 10000, 5000, 2500, 1000 and 500 μg / plaque. Morus nigra L. fruit extract showed 20 % weakly antimutagenic activity on TA 100 strain at 10000 μg / plaque dose against sodium azide (10 μg / plaque) in the absence of S9 while the other 5000, 2500, 1000 and 500 μg / plaque doses antimutagenic activity was detected at a low rate of 14 %, 5 %, 4 % and 3 % respectively. Morus nigra L. fruit extract showed moderate antimutagenic activity on TA 98 strain at a dose of 10000 μg / plaque versus 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (200 μg / plaque) in the absence of S9 but 5000, 2500, 1000 and 500 μg / plaque doses was determined that they had weakly antimutagenic activity at 20 %, 16 %, 8 % and 6 %, respectively. Extracts exhibited 10 % rate as a poor grade antimutagenic activity at a dose of 10000 μg / plaque versus 2-Aminofluorene (200 μg / plaque) in the presence of S9 while 6 %, 10 %, 7 % and 7 % rate as weak antimutagenic activities determined for 5000, 2500, 1000 and 500 μg / plaque. As a result of the antimicrobial study; MIC value was determined as 6.25 mg / ml against Escherichia coli, Sarcina lutea, Salmonella typhimurium and Yersinia enterocolitica strains while 3.12 mg / ml for Salmonella enteritidis and 1.56 mg / ml for Listeria monocytogenes. No MIC values were seen against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis strains. The inhibition at the 3.12 mg / ml concentration versus the Candida albicans strain indicates that it is effective in the treatment of C. Albicans originated oral wounds.As a result, the black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruit extract were not show any mutagenic activity but showed some different of antimutagenic and antimicrobial activity