Bionomics and control of the mango seed borer Noorda albizonalis Hampson (Pyralidae, Lepidoptera) [Philippines]
1986
Golez, H.G.
The mango seed borer, Noorda albizonalis Hampson, completed its life cycle in 28 to 41 days. The eggs were laid in masses on the fruit surface and hatched in 3 to 4 days. The insect passed through five larval instars with a total developmental period that ranged from 14 to 20 days. The pre-pupal and pupal stages lasted from 2 to 3 and 9 to 14 days, respectively. Adults emerged at night with the males emerging ahead of the females. The insect successfully developed into adults on the flesh and seed of 'Carabao' mango. The larvae preferred to feed on 'Carabao' and 'Katchamitha' as shown by the high damage rating and greater number of individuals present in the seeds. Noorda albizonalis was observed in the different mango growing areas of the country. It was present throughout the fruiting season and was abundant during summer. In the absence1465of its host, adults failed to reproduce in other parts of the tree nor on fruits suspected as alternate host of the insect. Three species of parasites and one species of predator were observed to attack the immature stages of the mango seed borer. Trichogramma chilonis Ishii and Trichogramma chilotraeae Nigaraja and Nagarkatti were recorded as egg parasites. On the other hand, Evania appendigaster L., an egg parasite of cockroach, was observed as larval-pupal parasite. As a whole, the degree of parasitism was low and occurred in limited cases. Predation by Rhyncium attrisimum van der Vecht was suspected to contribute to the high percentage of larval disappearance in the field. By using the most effective insecticides, cyfluthrin and deltamethrin, the net income per hectare could be increased by about 2.6 and 2.5 times, respectively over the cont
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