Comparative studies on semiochemicals in Pityogenes spp. (Col., Scolytidae) and their potential usage in pest management systems
1989
Baader, E.J. (Freiburg Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Forstzoologisches Inst.)
The analysis of volatiles released by six species of genus Pityogenes upon attack of host material revealed pheromone components which comprise grandisol, cis-verbenol, gamma-isogeraniol, trans-cyclohexylidenethanol, ipsdienol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. Chalcogran was found in P. chalcographus and P. quadridens, E,Z-2,4-methyldecadienoate only in P. chalcographus. Strong synergism between chalcogran, the obvious attractive principle, and E,Z-2,4-methyldecadienoate, the landing signal, suggests these compounds as obligatory components of the aggregation pheromone. (S)-cis-verbenol and oleoresin of the host trees somewhat increase attraction. The male-produced 1-hexoanol reduces response. Baits combining synthetic chalcogran and E,Z-2,4-methyldecadienoate induce mass aggregation of P. chalcographus on traps. Formulating the synthetics for use in polyethylene dispensers, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol appears superior compared to other solvents presently used in commercial products. The concentrations of chalcogran and E,Z-2,4-methyldecadienoate used in baits should consider two problems: the strong response of the ostomid predator Nemosoma elongatum to chalcogran and the spill over particularly in younger stands of the aggregating pest population to trees near traps. Conceptual models indicate mass trapping using pheromone traps superior to the conventional 'Fangreisig' method, economically as well as ecologically
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