Studies on honeydew excretion by greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westw.) on its host plant, Cucumis sativus
1993
Lei Hong (Beijing Univ. (China). Dept. of Biology) | Xu Rumei
The calculation of AHS (area of honeydew spot) and method of 'honeydew clock' were used for measuring the rate and frequency of honeydew excretion by greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westw.) reared on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings under various conditions. The results of experiments indicate that the adult whiteflies, especially the females, secrete the largest amount of honeydew, and both the 3rd and 4th instar nymphs have the highest value of AHS at 25 degrees C. The adults excrete the highest number of honeydew drops at 10 am and the lowest at 3 pm. An adult's feeding period may last 20 to 22 h a day and the 3rd of 4th instar nymphs may keep feeding throughout 24 h. The frequency of honeydew excretion of adults is higher than that of the 3rd or 4th instar nymphs. The analysis of the composition of honeydew revealed Glu, Thr, Asp, Val, Lle, Leu are of higher concentration among the 18 kinds of amino acids and K, Na, S, P are the main elements among 15 kinds of minerals. Carbohydrates are also included in honeydew
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