Impact of the rotting process of biodegradable material of household garbage on the survival of phytopathogenic organisms and of tomato seeds
1994
Herrmann, I. (Hohenheim Univ., Stuttgart (Germany). Inst. fuer Phytomedizin) | Meissner, S. | Baechle, E. | Rupp, E. | Menke, G. | Grossmann, F.
The sanitary impact of the rotting process of biodegradable material of household garbage (kitchen and yard waste) on some phytopathogenic organisms and on tomato seeds was investigated in triangular shaped windrows (outdoor composting, regular turning). The survey was carried out during the winter season 1990/91 and the summer period 1991. Temperature, associated with an adequate moisture content, was the major lethal constraint for sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, egg sacks of Meloidogyne incognita, tobacco mosaic virus and for tomato seeds (Lycopersicon lycopersicum). In the central zones of the windrow, temperature met in both seasons the required minimum temperatures of 55 to 65 degrees C prevailing 12-21 days to ensure elimination of pathogens. In each of four conducted long-term trials, the measured temperatures revealed ideal rotting conditions. Differences from optimum were caused in winter by low outside temperatures (down to -16 degrees C), in summer by periodically limited precipitation. Within the inner zones of the windrow, none of the tested organisms, which had been directly exposed to the influence of the decomposition conditions, survived the study period. The final results gained in the outer zone varied according to the tested organism. Thus, sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum were completely killed. With regard to M. incognita, neither the test for surviving larvae applied in winter showed positive results, nor did the test for plant infection ability used in summer. Tobacco mosaic virus lost its infectiosity excepting a single positive result in winter. To the contrary, tomato seeds retained their emergence ability in both seasons with a single exception in winter. The heat resistance of the test organisms omitting the tobacco mosaic virus was examined in supplementary laboratory tests up to 91 days
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