Soil solarization and methyl-bromide treatments in protected cultivation. Three-year observations on lettuce [Lactuca sativa - Campania]
1997
Palumbo, A.D. | Morra, L. | Bilotto, M. | Picascia, S. | Magnifico, V. (Istituto Sperimentale per l'Orticoltura, Pontecagnano, Salerno (Italy))
Soil solarization allows to control some soilborne diseases of cultivated crops. From 1994 to 1996, at Pontecagnano (SA), Southern Italy, six soil treatments were compared in protected cultivation: untreated control; methyl-bromide fumigation; soil solarization alone or with the addition of the nematocide Nemacur or of wheat straw plus chicken manure or of the organic-mineral fertilizer Clandosan. The vegetable crop sequence carried out was lettuce (cv. Charmy) in an autumn-winter cycle and muskmelon (cv. Supermarket) in a spring-summer cycle. In this note, lettuce cultivation responses to the applied treatments are discussed. In comparison with fumigated and untreated plots, in all the solarized plots harvesting time occurred 7, 15 and 15 days earlier respectively in 1994, 1995 and 1996. In the first year, no yield differences were determined by the treatments. In 1995 and 1996, plots untreated and treated with methyl-bromide yielded 18% and 29% less than those referred to all types of solarization. In both years, solarization plus chicken manure plus wheat straw was the most effective among the solarization treatments. After three years, soil solarization confirmed to be an alternative to methyl-bromide fumigation; its efficacy depends on wheather conditions, even though protected cultivation environment guarantees appreciable results. Soil solarization appeared to stabilize lettuce yield when associated to straw and chicken manure, whereas the other types of solarization, in spite of their shown superiority to fumigation, did not prevent a yield decreasing trend
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