WINTER BARLEY IN REPUBLIC MOLDOVA (HISTORICAL SKETCH)
2016
Voziyan, V.I. | Kishka, M.N. | Zhurat, V.F.
Soil-climatic resources of northern forest-steppe zone of Republic Moldova allow to cultivate enough big set of crops including winter barley. Areas under barley take the fourth place after corn, wheat and sunflower. Share of winter barley is about 60 %, the others 40 % are sowed with summer barley. The winter barley effectively uses both autumn-winter and spring stocks of moisture for yield formation and consequently it provides essential increases in comparison to summer barley. During 70 years of breeding work with winter barley there has been passed way from local samples to up-to-date varieties of high agriculture. Evaluation of ecological plasticity of up-to-date breeding achievements of winter and semiwinter types of development confirms that varieties with good homeostasis to concrete conditions reach stabler level of productivity. Varieties of Moldavsky 18, Tigina, Chuluk and Sperantsa are better adapted for average and worst ecological conditions (bi <1). BTs-14/02, Skynteja, Tezaur and Streluchitor are the most responsive to favorable ecological conditions (bi~1). The variety Ekschelent has the highest response to favorable ecological conditions (bi> 1). The highest response to the favorable ecological conditions has the Ekschelent variety (bi>1). The variety Skynteja has high plasticity and good stability. In the nearest years in breeding and production the priority will be given to semiintensive varieties of winter and semiwinter types of development with high quality of grain, suitable for groats production. In up-to-date conditions these biotypes can realize more full their genetic potential, including Central Black Earth region
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