Use of Inducer Lines and Dihaploidization in Maize Breeding
2019
Yorgancilar, Mustafa | Yasar, Mehmet Akif | Atalay, Emine
Corn (Zea mays L.) is an important and strategic plant that has wide use in both human and animal nutrition and industry. Changing climatic conditions, high quality products demanded from the market, high yields, resistance to diseases and pests continuously increase the demand for new hybrid varieties. New pure lines have to be continuously developed for the development of high-yield and high quality hybrids in maize plants. The access to the pure line by classical breeding methods is at least 6-7 generations since both the genetic factors and the environmental conditions are influenced after this time, the pure lines with the desired properties cannot be obtained and the breeding program is not successful. For this reason, new technologies are used to shorten the time in breeding activities and to increase the efficiency of the breeding programs. In vivo double haploid technique is one of these technologies. The basis of obtaining haploid plant in maize is the inducer genotype. Inducer genotypes are special genotypes that allow hybridization to be obtained in a generation by obtaining homozygous individuals. This genotype with the main plant determined according to the purpose of the breeding program is hybridized and thus obtain haploid seeds with n chromosome. In the obtained haploid seeds, chromosomes are folded and double haploid plants with 2n chromosomes are obtained. Thanks to this technology, 100% homozygous lines can be obtained in 2-3 generations, shorten the duration of breeding activities and increase the efficiency of breeding programs quickly and reliably. In this review; the history of maize plant and maize breeding, the in vivo double haploid technique for corn breeding studies and the benefits of maize breeding programs were discussed.
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