AGROECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF BASIC TILLAGE IN CROP ROTATIONS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN ZONE OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION

The purpose of the research is to study the influence of various systems of basic tillage on the productivity and economic efficiency of grain-tillage, grain-fallow-tillage and grain- fallow crop rotations. The experiments were carried out in a long-term stationary of the Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture on typical chernozem with a humus content of 6.8...7.0%. Four systems of basic tillage were compared: traditional multi-depth dump with 100% saturation by plowing, resource-saving: surface (disking by 10-12 cm) and non-dump multi-depth; combined dump-non-dump (25% dump + 75% non-dump). Fertilizers and crop protection products from pests, diseases, and weeds were used against the background of treatments for crop rotation crop. The highest productivity of a hectare of arable land in grain-tillage and grain–fallow-tillage crop rotations was noted with a combined dump-free system of basic tillage - 3.41 and 6.21 t/ha of grain units, respectively, with control indicators of 3.26 and 6.21 t/ha of grain units. In the grain-fallow crop rotation against the background of the combined tillage system, the yield of grain units from one hectare of arable land was 2.78 tons, with an indicator of 2.79 tons/ha of grain units at the control. According to other variants with resource–saving tillage systems (surface and non–surface multi-depth), the productivity of arable land in crop rotations decreased by 0.29 and 0.14 t/ha of grain units - in grain-tillage, by 0.38 and 0.13 t/ha - grain-fallow-tillage and by 0.09 and 0.07 t/ha of grain units – grain fallow. In the variants with a combined dump-free tillage system, the highest level of profitability of production of 1 ton of grain units (177.8 and 173.3%) was noted in the grain-tillage and grain-fallow-tillage crop rotations and (169.8%) in the grain-fallow, which is higher than the control by (12.9; 3.3 and 3.2%), respectively. For surface and non-surface multi- depth tillage systems, the level of profitability decreased, and this was most evident in the variant with a surface system of basic tillage.