Optimum Nitrogen Consumption in Maize at Different Moisture Regime (A Key to Enhance Corn Productivity) and Estimation of Yield Reduction under Nitrogen Limitation Conditions

Nitrogen (N) is a key constituent of all living cells and is essential for the growth and development of plants. The phenological stages of growth and development are delayed due to nitrogen deficiency. The results of the research have shown that nitrogen deficiency causes a delay in the emergence of leaves. Increasing nitrogen consumption in terms of positive effect on the leaf area index and its durability creates a strong and sufficient physiological source to supply the necessary materials for the growth of vegetative parts such as stems. Nitrogen fertilizer is one of the important agricultural factors that has significant effects on growth indices, so that with the proper use of this fertilizer, a balanced combination of growth indices can be achieved in plant canopy and increase the grain yield. Due to the fact that most of the growth indices are directly or indirectly dependent on the leaf area index, changing this index by changing the amount of nitrogen consumption is one of the most practical ways to increase yield. Several studies have confirmed the positive effect of nitrogen on increasing the grain yield, the number of seeds per ear and the weight of the seeds in different corn hybrids. N fertilizer is the second largest requirement after water in crop production, and N is the most common yield-limiting nutrient deficiency. This element is absorbed by plants from the soil. Therefore, providing enough usable nitrogen in the soil for optimal plant growth is of particular importance. The low N use of the crop indicates that uptake is inefficient or higher than the plant's requirement. The optimal amount of nitrogen consumption depends on various factors such as water supply in the soil, density and the variety used. For example, increasing the water supply in the soil increases the yield of crops in response to nitrogen consumption, especially if the amount of fertilizer consumption is high. In this research, the relationship between the available water of the corn plant and the amount of nitrogen consumption has been investigated in order to achieve solutions to increase the efficiency of input consumption and reduce costs in different humidity conditions with optimal nitrogen consumption.