Effect of Fusarium head blight disease on the quality indicators of germination of wheat Triticum aestivum
2023
Khaledi, Nima | Zare, Leila | Hashemi Fesharaki, Shahla
Fusarium head blight is one of the most important fungal diseases of small grains throughout world, which not only reduces the yield, but also causes quality losses through the production of various mycotoxins. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the Fusarium head blight disease agents and to evaluate the effect of seeds infection by different isolates of Fusarium and deoxynivalenol compound on the traits related to seed germination. In order to identify wheat seed-derived Fusarium causing this disease from the fields of Zanjan, Markazi, Tehran, Alborz, Hamedan, Fars, Sistan and Baluchestan, Kermanshah and Khuzestan provinces were sampled according to the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) rules. Then, the ability of trichothecene prodcution and the presence of genes involved in deoxynivalenol trichothecene biosynthesis and the level of deoxynivalenol production on rice medium were evaluated by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 15 isolates were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics as F. graminearum (12 isolates) and F. culmorum (3 isolates). The results showed that only 40% of the isolates had ability to produce trichothecene, and the levels of deoxynivalenol production was in the range of 1650-3500 μg.kg-1. The results of the standard germination test showed that seed treatment with different isolates of Fusarium affected the germination and seed vigor indices and reduced the seed quality and seedling health. The findings of this research provide new perspectives on the effect of the level of deoxynivalenol secreted by Fusarium on the quality characteristics of seeds and the rate of disease progress.
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