Sildenafil and tadalafil in simulated chlorination conditions: Ecotoxicity of drugs and their derivatives

Temussi, Fabio; DellaGreca, Marina; Pistillo, Paola; Previtera, Lucio; Zarrelli, Armando; Criscuolo, Emma; Lavorgna, Margherita; Russo, Chiara; Isidori, Marina

Sildenafil and tadalafil in simulated chlorination conditions: Ecotoxicity of drugs and their derivatives

2013

Chlorination experiments on two drugs (sildenafil and tadalafil) were performed mimicking the conditions of a typical wastewater treatment process. The main transformation products were isolated by chromatographic techniques (Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Column Chromatography (CC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)) and fully characterized employing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) analyses. The environmental effects of the parent compounds and transformation products were evaluated using an overall toxicity approach that considered aquatic acute and chronic toxicity on Brachionus calyciflorus and Ceriodaphnia dubia as well as mutagenesis and genotoxicity on bacterial strains. The results revealed that both parent drugs did not show high acute and chronic toxicity for the organisms utilized in the bioassays while, chronic exposure to chlorine derivatives caused inhibition of growth population on rotifers and crustaceans. A mutagenic potential was found for all the compounds investigated.

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Mots clés AGROVOC

analysis animals aquatic organisms brachionus calyciflorus chemistry chlorination chlorination chlorine chromatography chromatography chronic toxicity cladocera drugs ecotoxicology environmental impact genotoxicity genotoxicity high performance liquid chromatography hydrocarbons mass spectrometry mutagenesis nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy piperazines population growth purines rotifera thin layer chromatography toxicity toxicity tests wastewater wastewater treatment

Informations bibliographiques

Publié dans

Science of the total environment

ISSN 0048-9697

Editeur

Elsevier Inc.

D'autres materias

Drug effects; Mutagenicity tests; Water pollutants; Chemical; Chronic exposure; Acute and chronic toxicity tests; Halogenation; Thin layer; Tadalafil; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Bioassays; Carbolines; Chlorinated; High pressure liquid; Sildenafil; Ceriodaphnia dubia; Sulfones

Langue

anglais

Type

Journal Article; Text

Sur AGRIS depuis: 2024-02-27

Format: MODS

Fournisseur de données

Cette notice bibliographique a été fournie par National Agricultural Library

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Liens

DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.081

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