Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Sensor with Ratiometric Signal Output for Selective Determination of Superoxide Anion in Rat Brain
2021
Huang, Shiqi | Zhang, Limin | Dai, Liyi | Wang, Yuanyuan | Tian, Yang
There is still an urgent need to develop reliable analytical methods of O₂•– in vivo for deeply elucidating the roles of O₂•– playing in the brain. Herein, a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor with ratiometric signal output was developed for an in vivo analysis of O₂•– in the rat brain. Diphenylphosphonate-2-naphthol ester (ND) was designed and synthesized as a specific recognition molecule for the selective determination of O₂•–. An anodic peak ascribed to the oxidation of 2-naphthol was generated via the nucleophilic substitution between ND and O₂•– and was increased with the increasing concentration of O₂•–. Meanwhile, the inner reference of methylene blue (MB) was co-assembled at the electrode surface to enhance the determination accuracy of O₂•–. The anodic peak current ratio between 2-naphthol and MB exhibited a good linear relationship with the concentration of O₂•– from 2 to 200 μM. Because of the stable molecule character of ND and its specific reaction with O₂•–, the developed electrochemical sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity toward various potential interferences in the brain and good stability even after storage for 7 days. Accordingly, the present electrochemical sensor with high selectivity, high stability, and high accuracy was successfully exploited in monitoring the levels of O₂•– in the rat brain and that of the diabetic model followed by cerebral ischemia.
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