Bismuth triggered selective colorimetric naked-eye detection for oxalate ions based on bromopyrogallol red that works as a molecular keypad lock
2021
Tavallali, Hossein | Deilamy-Rad, Gohar | Parhami, Abolfath | Asghari, Khadije | Ahmadi, Azade
A novel colorimetric probe based on the bromopyrogallol red (BPR) for the sequential detection of Bi³⁺ and C₂O₄ ²⁻ was designed. The presence of Bi³⁺ led to a distinct naked-eye colour change in DMSO/H₂O (1:3, v/v) media. The detection limit of BPR for Bi³⁺ was down to nanomolar concentration (1.17 nmol L⁻¹). Also, the sensing ability of BPR for Bi³⁺ was successfully carried out in bismuth tablet and urine sample. Moreover, the resulting BPR-Bi³⁺ complex acted as an efficient colorimetric chemosensor for C₂O₄ ²⁻ via a colour change. Therefore, chemosensor BPR-Bi³⁺ can illustrate the ability to determine C₂O₄ ²⁻ up to 0.15 µmol L⁻¹, selectively. Notably, the absorbance changes of BPR upon the addition of Bi³⁺ and C₂O₄ ²⁻ were utilised as AND and NAND logic gates operating at the molecular level with Bi³⁺and C₂O₄ ²⁻ as chemical inputs and the absorbance signal as the output. The chemical inputs of Bi³⁺ and C₂O₄ ²⁻ in a sequential system produce an output which mimics the operation of a security keypad lock. This study provides a practical application for the sensing of C₂O₄ ²⁻ ions in vegetable and urine samples by the construction of the supramolecular system.
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