Somatic embryogenesis from young spikelets of the giant bamboo Dendrocalamus asper (Schult f.) Backer ex Heyne
2022
Ornellas, Thiago Sanches | Fritsche, Yohan | Cardona-Medina, Edison | Guerra, Miguel Pedro
Bamboos are an important worldwide non-timber forest product with rising interest due to their environmentally friendly applications. Besides its use as edible sweet shoots and culms for structural uses, the giant bamboo, Dendrocalamus asper is an imposing ornamental bamboo for horticulture. The present work aimed to establish in vitro callus culture and plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis starting from young spikelets of D. asper. Pre-anthesis spikelets were collected, disinfected, and subjected to callus induction on MS basal medium supplemented by 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 0, 9, 18, 27, and 36 µM in combination with 9 µM of 2-iP or 9 µM Kinetin. The different calli types that developed were characterized and subcultured in 0, 4.5, 9, and 18 µM of 2,4-D in combination with 9 µM of 2-Isopentenyladenine (2-iP) or Kinetin for multiplication and somatic embryos regeneration. Additionally, the effect of explant cutting in half and its orientation on the culture medium were tested to improve callus induction The 2,4-D was essential for callus induction, and in combination with the two cytokinins resulted in embryogenic callus induction and somatic embryos regeneration. The subsequent reduction of this auxin to 4.5 µM resulted in somatic embryo maturation. Somatic embryos transferred to a plant growth regulator-free medium resulted in plantlet germination. The present work showed the feasibility of using bamboo spikelets as explants and the efficiency of using 2-iP in combination with 2,4-D to callus induction and in vitro plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis.
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