High-normal blood pressure (prehypertension) is associated with PM2.5 exposure in young adults

Ye, Huaze; Tang, Jie; Luo, Leiqin; Yang, Tianjian; Fan, Kedi; Xu, Long

High-normal blood pressure (prehypertension) is associated with PM2.5 exposure in young adults

2022

We aimed to examine PM₂.₅ exposure, blood pressure (SBP and DBP) measurement, and hypertension risk factors and to assess the association between PM₂.₅ exposure and hypertension among young adults. The mean SBP was 117.78 mmHg, with 11.22% high-normal blood pressure (prehypertension) and 2.51% hypertension (≥ 140 mmHg). DBP was 75.48 mmHg with 26.37% prehypertension and 4.53% hypertension (≥ 90 mmHg). The median PM₂.₅ in the past year was 31.79 μg/m³, with highest in winter (49.33 μg/m³), followed by spring (37.34 μg/m³), autumn (29.64 μg/m³), and summer (24.33 μg/m³). Blood pressure was positively correlated with age, height, weight, BMI, daily smoking, alcohol consumption, mental stress, and staying up in the past 1 year, and negatively with season-specific temperature. After adjustment for the covariates, each 10 μg/m³ increase in PM₂.₅ was associated with SBP (day 1 = 1.07 mmHg, day 3 = 1.25 mmHg, day 5 = 1.01 mmHg) and DBP (day 1 = 1.06 mmHg, day 3 = 1.28 mmHg, day 5 = 1.29 mmHg, day 15 = 0.87 mmHg, day 30 = 0.56 mmHg). Exposure in winter and the past year was associated with 1.21 mmHg and 0.95 increase mmHg in SBP, respectively. Logistic models showed for every 1 μg/m³ increase of PM₂.₅, SBP in day 1 and day 5 was increased by 6% and 4%, and DPB by 3% and 16%, respectively. SBP was increased by 8% in spring and 19% in winter, and DBP was increased by 7% in winter. Our data suggest a certain prevalence of pre- or hypertension among young population, which is associated with short-term fluctuation and season-specific exposure of PM₂.₅.

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