Diversity and Ecological Features of Phylogenetic Lineages of Tinder Fungus in the Urals
2022
Zhuykova, E. V. | Mukhin, V. A.
Absract—Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA isolated from 51 basidiocarps of tinder fungus shows that this xylotrophic fungus in the Urals and North Kazakhstan is a complex species consisting of two cryptic phylogenetic lineages (A and B) represented by sublineages A2 and B2. Their natural habitats overlap and encompass the South, Middle and North Urals, as well as the North Kazakhstan, though A2 and B2 are more often found in the North and Middle Urals and in the North Kazakhstan, respectively. Their sympatry is based on trophic specialization: representatives of sublineage A2 occur on Alnus, Betula, Prunus, Salix, Sorbus; those of B2 occur on Acer, Populus, Salix, Tilia. The major substrate is Betula for the former and Populus for the latter. With respect to the ITS regions of rDNA, sublineages A2 and B2 correspond to Fomes fomentarius sensu stricto and Fomes inzengae (Ces. & De Not.) Cooke, respectively, which are the two sympatric cryptic species described in Europe. With respect to the level of nucleotide divergence, F. fomentarius s. s. and F. inzengae are equidistant from F. fasciatus (Sw.) Cooke (6.26% and 7.05%, respectively), but the level of divergence between them (1.49%) does not exceed the average level of intraspecies ITS variability of basidial fungi. Most likely, they should be considered as cryptic sympatric infraspecific phylogenetic lineages of Fomes fomentarius sensu lato at a rank of subspecies.
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