Modulation in carbohydrate and protein metabolism under sublethal concentration of carbosulfan intoxication in the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio (L.)
2022
Yogesh, Krishnamurthy | Venkateshwarlu, Mididoddi
Carbosulfan, a carbamate pesticide extensively employed in rural communities, enters the aquatic environment by the proximity of agricultural lands to water bodies or through direct application in such environments. To know the long-term effect of carbosulfan on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, the fish Cyprinus carpio was exposed to 1/5th sublethal concentration (0.68 mg/L) of 96 h LC₅₀ for 7, 14, and 21 days. Significant (P < 0.05) alterations in the glucose, glycogen, total protein, and free amino acid level, as well as in the activity of enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, protease, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were observed in the tissues of C. carpio and the changes developed progressively with exposure time. The significant alternations in carbohydrate metabolic enzymes demonstrate that carbosulfan causes metabolic interference and shifts aerobic metabolism to anaerobiosis in C. carpio, while changes in protein metabolic enzymes explain that carbosulfan may interact with peptide sequences in C. carpio directly or indirectly. Changes in these characteristics may provide an early warning signal for determining carbosulfan toxicity and its impact on aquatic species. As a result, it is necessary to monitor the aquatic system and forecast the hazardous effect of carbosulfan on fish; precautions should be taken while using even low concentrations of carbosulfan, and prohibiting or restricting carbosulfan usage is preferable.
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